Chafe 是個動詞,意為「(使) 擦痛;(使) 擦傷;(使) 擦破」(因摩擦而使身體部位疼痛,發紅,腫脹之意 - 及物和不及物),如 Her new shoes chafed her ankles. (新鞋把她的腳踝磨得紅腫/破皮);The high collar had been chafing against my neck. (高高的領口把我的脖子磨痛了);此外,chafe 亦意為「惱怒,焦躁」(不及物),通常與介系詞 at 或 under 連用,如 Sam was chafed because he was not allowed out. (山姆很惱怒,因為他不許外出);Most students are chafing at/under the new restrictions. (大多數學生都對這些新的限制感到非常惱怒)。

Chaff 主要用作名詞 (它的動詞用法已過時),意為「粗糠;穀物的外殼」、「(作飼料用的) 乾草,草料,秣」及「瑣事;微不足道或沒有甚麼價值的事物」,如 Gary fed chaff to his cattle. (蓋瑞餵他的牛隻吃草料);You had better ignore the picky criticisms because they were just a lot of chaff. (你最好不要理會那些吹毛求疵的批評,因為它們都只是微不足道的小事)。Chaff 經常用於 " to separate the wheat from the chaff " 這個比喻性成語中,意為「分清好壞;區分優劣 (to separate the superior from the inferior)」,如 The CEO is in the hope that the new procedure for evaluating employees can separate the wheat from the chaff. (執行長希望新的員工評鑑程序能區分出優劣)。

 

資料來源:http://englishhome.org/chafe-chaff.html

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