Kavalan
The Kavalan people live across the eastern counties of Yilan, Hualien and Taitung. The Kavalan tribe shares some social characteristics with the Amis, including a matrilineal system in which female shamans play an important role. The Kavalan — which means "people living in the plains" — mostly live by water. With a religious structure based on the categorization of spirits into gods, ancestral spirits, mountain spirits, ghosts and evil spirits, the Kavalan believe that illnesses are the manifestations of evil spirits, which must be expelled using rituals. Due to the close proximity of Amis and Kavalan territories, the Kavalan people's cultural similarities with the Amis and the influence of Han Chinese culture on the few Kavalan people in Yilan, the Kavalan were either regarded as Amis or Han Chinese in the past. In 2002, the government officially recognized the Kavalan as an indigenous tribe.
Truku
The home of the Truku people is the renowned Taroko area in Hualien. The tribe's ancestors conquered the natural obstacles of the mountainous region, climbing over Mount Chilai in the Central Mountain Range to migrate from the Liwu River Valley in Nantou. Face tattooing is a key ritual for the Truku, who believe that only people with facial tattoos can pass the rainbow bridge to the world of the ancestral spirits after their deaths. Face tattoos are also an important status symbol, without which a Truku person can find it extremely difficult to get married.
Sakizaya
In the past, the Sakizaya were designated as part of the Amis tribe. The Taiwanese government officially recognized the Sakizaya as an individual tribe in 2007. Sakizaya society is matrilineal. A newlywed man moves into his wife's household. Japanese scholars in the past found that the Sakizaya observed an age-set hierarchical system, in which a man moved up one age-set every few years depending on his tribe. Sakizaya rituals are centered around the millet farming cycle.
Seediq
The Seediq people, once regarded as part of the Truku people of the Atayal tribe, were officially recognized as an indigenous tribe in 2008. According to the Seediq origin myth, the ancestral home of the Seediq people is located in Pusu Qhuni/Rmdax Tasil in the Mudan Mountain (a location now known as Mudanyan). The Seediq ancestors moved to Truwan (now Renai Village in Nantou County) and later to Tgdaya, Toda, and Truku as their population outgrew the Truwan region. The locations of the three branches of the Seediq — Tgdaya, Toda, and Truku — later became the monikers for the respective branches of the tribe.
~宏浩翻譯引用~
資料來源：http://www.chinapost.com.tw/guidepost/topics/default.asp?id=4267&next=1&sub=6
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